Accumulated Impacts of Migration, Long Term Social and Economic Marginalization
If we consider the intersection of an immigrant retirees’ individual positions (i.e. gender, language, education, employment, and ethno-cultural identity) with systemic forces (i.e. the economy, labour market, education system, immigration and settlement policy, pension policy) and how these play out over the various periods in someone’s life, we can begin to see the accumulated impacts of shifts brought about by migration.